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General election to the Legislative Assembly of NCT of Delhi, 2020 – Media Coverage during the period referred to in Section 126 of the RP Act,1951.

New Delhi: The Schedule for holding General Election to the Legislative Assembly of NCT of Delhi, 2020 has been announced on 6th January, 2020.  Poll is scheduled to be held in single phase on 08.02.2020. Section 126 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 prohibits displaying any election matter by means, inter alia, of television or similar apparatus, during the period of 48 hours before the hour fixed for conclusion of poll in a constituency. The relevant portions of the said Section 126 are re-produced below:

(126. Prohibition of public meeting during period of forty-eight hours ending with hour fixed for conclusion of poll-

(1) No person shall-

(a)…………………

(b) Display to the public any election matter by means of cinematograph, television or other similar apparatus;

(c)……………………

In any polling area during the period of forty-eight hours ending with the  hour  fixed for the conclusion of the poll for any election in the polling area.

(2) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) shall be  punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two  years,  or with fine, or with both.

(3) In this Section, the expression “election mater” means any.matter intended or  calculated to influence or affect the result of an election

2. During elections, there are sometimes allegations of violation of the provisions of the above Section 126 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 by TV channels in the telecast of their panel discussions/debates and other news and current affairs programmes. The Commission has clarified in the past that the said Section 126 prohibits displaying any election matter by means, inter alia, of television or similar apparatus, during the period of 48 hours ending with the hour fixed for conclusion of poll in a constituency. “Election matter” has been defined in that Section as any matter intended or calculated to influence or affect the result of an election. Violation of the aforesaid provisions of Section 126 is punishable with imprisonment up to a period of two years, or with fine or both.

3. The Commission once again reiterates that the TV/Radio channels and cable networks/internet website/social media platforms should ensure that the contents of the programmes telecast/broadcast/ displayed by them during the period of 48 hours referred to in Section 126 do not contain any material, including views/appeals by panelists/participants that may be construed as promoting/ prejudicing the prospect of any particular party or candidate(s) or influencing/ affecting the result of the election. This shall, among other things include display of any opinion poll and of standard debates, analysis, visuals and sound-bytes.

4.  In this connection, attention is also invited to Section 126A of the R.P. Act 1951, which prohibits conduct of Exit poll and dissemination of its results during the period mentioned therein, i.e. the hour fixed for commencement of poll and half an hour after the time fixed for close of poll.

5. During the period not covered by Section 126, concerned TV/Radio/Cable/FM channels/internet websites/Social Media platforms are free to approach the state/ district/ local authorities for necessary permission for conducting any broadcast/Telecast related events (other than exit polls) which must also conform to the provisions of the model code of conduct, the programme code laid down by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting under the Cable Network  (Regulation)  Act  with  regard to decency,  maintenance  of communal  harmony,  etc.  All Internet websites and Social Media platforms must also comply with the provisions of The Information      Technology      Act, 2000     and      ECI     guidelines No-491/SM/2013/Communication, dt 25th October, 2013, for all political content on their platform. As regards political advertisement, the same needs pre-certification by the Committees set up at State/District level as per the Commission’s order  No. 509/75/2004/JS-I, dt 15th April,2004.

6. Attention of all print media is also drawn to the following guidelines issued    by Press Council of India to follow for observance during the election:

  1. It will be the duty of the Press to give objective reports about elections and the candidates.  The newspapers are not expected to indulge in unhealthy election campaigns, exaggerated reports about any candidate/party or incident during the elections.  In practice, two or three closely contesting candidates attract all the media attention. While reporting on the actual campaign, a newspaper may not leave out any important point raised by a candidate and make an attack on his or her opponent.
  2. Election campaign along communal or caste lines is banned under the election rules. Hence, the Press should eschew reports, which tend to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between people on the ground of religion, race, caste, community or language.
  3. The Press should refrain from publishing false or critical statements in regard to the personal character and conduct of any candidate or in relation to the candidature or withdrawal of any candidate or his candidature, to prejudice the prospects of that candidate in the elections. The Press shall not publish unverified allegations against any candidate/party.

iv. The Press shall not accept any kind of inducement, financial or otherwise,  to project a candidate/party. It shall not accept hospitality or other facilities  offered to them by or on behalf of any candidate/party.

v. The Press is not expected to indulge in canvassing of a particular  candidate/party. If it does, it shall allow the right of reply to the other  candidate/party.

vi. The Press shall not accept/publish any advertisement at the cost of public  exchequer regarding achievements of a party/ government in power.

vii. The Press shall observe all the directions/ orders/instructions of the  Election Commission/Returning Officers or Chief Electoral Officer issued  from time to time.

7. Attention of the electronic media is invited to the “Guidelines for Election  Broadcasts” issued by NBSA dt 3rd March, 2014.

  1.  News broadcasters should endeavour to inform the public in an objective manner, about relevant electoral matters, political parties, candidates, campaign issues and voting processes as per rules and regulations laid down under The Representation of the People Act 1951 and by the Election Commission of India.

ii. News channels shall disclose any political affiliations, either towards a party or candidate. Unless they publicly endorse or support a particular party or candidate, news broadcasters have a duty to be balanced and impartial, especially in their election reporting.

iii. News broadcasters must endeavour to avoid all forms of rumor, baseless  speculation and disinformation, particularly when these concern specific  political parties or candidates. Any candidate/political party, which has been  defamed or is a victim of misrepresentation, misinformation or other similar  injury by broadcast of information should be afforded prompt correction,  and where appropriate granted an opportunity of reply.

iv. News broadcasters must resist all political and financial pressures which  may affect coverage of elections and election related matters.

v. News broadcasters should maintain a clear distinction between editorial  and expert opinion carried on their news channels.

vi. News broadcasters that use video feed from political parties should disclose  it and appropriately tagged.

vii. Special care must be taken to ensure that every element of news/  programmes dealing with elections and election related matters is accurate on  all facts relating to events, dates, places and quotes. If by mistake or  inadvertence any inaccurate information is broadcast, the broadcaster must  correct it as soon as it comes to the broadcaster’s notice with the same  prominence as was given to the original broadcast.

viii. News broadcasters, their journalists and officials must not accept any  money, or valuable gifts, or any favour that could influence or appear to  influence, create a conflict of interest or damage the credibility of the  broadcaster or their personnel.

ix. News broadcasters must  not  broadcast  any  form  of  ‘hate  speech’ or  other obnoxious content  that may lead  to incitement  of violence or  promote public unrest or disorder as election campaigning based  on  communal or caste factors is prohibited under Election Rules. News  broadcasters should strictly avoid reports which tend to promote feelings of  enmity or hatred among people, on the ground of religion, race, caste,  community, region or language.

x. News broadcasters are required to scrupulously maintain a distinction  between news and paid content.  All paid content should be clearly marked  as “Paid Advertisement” or “Paid Content”: and paid content must be  carried in compliance with the “Norms & Guidelines on Paid News” dated  24.11.2011 issued by NBA.

xi Special care must be taken to report opinion polls accurately and fairly, by  disclosing to viewers as to who commissioned, conducted and paid for the  conduct of the opinion polls and the broadcast. If a news broadcaster  carries the results of an opinion poll or other election projection, it must  also explain the context, and the scope and limits of such polls with their  limitations. Broadcast of opinion polls should be accompanied by  information to assist viewers to understand the poll’s significance, such as   the methodology used, the sample size, the margin of error, the fieldwork  dates, and data used. Broadcasters should also disclose how vote shares   are converted to seat shares.

xii. The broadcasters shall not broadcast any “election matter” i.e. any matter  intended or calculated to influence or affect the result of an  election, during  the 48 hours ending with the hours fixed for the conclusion  of poll in   violation of Section 126(1)(b) of  the Representation of the People Act1951.

xiii. The Election Commission of India (ECI) will monitor the broadcasts made  by news broadcasters from the time elections are announced until the  conclusion and announcement of election results. Any violation by  member  broadcasters  reported to the News Broadcasting Standards  Authority  (NBSA) by the Election Commission will be dealt with by the NBSA under  its regulations.

xiv. Broadcasters should, to the extent possible, carry voter education  programmes to effectively inform voters about the voting process,  the  importance of voting, including how, when and where to vote, to register to  vote and the secrecy of the ballot.

xv. News broadcasters must not air any final, formal and definite results until  such results are formally announced by the Election Commission of India,  unless such results are carried with clear disclaimer that they are unofficial  or incomplete or partial results or projections which should not be taken as  final results.

8.  Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) has also developed a “Voluntary Code of Ethics” for all the participating social media platforms to ensure free, fair & ethical usage of their platforms to maintain integrity of electoral process during the General Elections to the Lok Sabha 2019. As agreed by IAMAI, vide letter dated 23.09.2019, the “Voluntary Code of Ethics” shall be observed during all elections. Accordingly, the Code is also applicable in Delhi Assembly Elections 2020. Attention of all concerned Social Media platforms is invited to the following text of “Voluntary Code of Ethics” dt 20th March, 2019:

i. Participants will endeavour to, where appropriate and keeping in mind  the principle of freedom of expression, deploy appropriate policies and  processes to facilitate access to information regarding electoral matters  on their products and/ or services.

ii. Participants will endeavour to voluntarily undertake information,  education and communication campaigns to build awareness including  electoral laws and other related instructions. Participants will also  endeavour to impart training to the nodal officer at ECI on their  products/ services, including mechanism for sending requests as per  procedure established by law.

iii. Participants and the Election Commission of India (ECI) have developed a  notification mechanism by which the ECI can notify the relevant  platforms of potential violations of Section 126 of the Representation of  the People Act, 1951 and other applicable electoral laws in accordance  with procedures established by law. These valid legal orders will be  acknowledged and/ or processed within 3 hours for violations reported  under Section 126 as per the Sinha Committee recommendations. All  other valid legal requests will be acted upon expeditiously by the  Participants, based on the nature of reported violation.

iv. Participants are creating/opening a high priority dedicated reporting  mechanism for the ECI and appoint dedicated person(s) / teams during  the period of General Elections to interface with and to exchange  feedback as may assist with taking expeditious action upon receipt of  such a lawful request, following due legal process, from the ECI.

v. Participants will provide a mechanism for relevant political advertisers, in accordance with their obligations under law, to submit pre-certificates issued by ECI and/or Media Certification & Monitoring Committee (MCMC) of the ECI in relation to election advertisements that feature names of political parties, candidates for the Haryana & Maharashtra Assembly Elections and the Bye-Elections to various Parliamentary Constituencies and Assembly Constituencies being held simultaneously. Further, Participants shall expeditiously process/action paid political advertisements lawfully notified to Participants by the ECI that do not feature such certification.

vi. Participants will commit to facilitating transparency in paid political  advertisements, including utilising their pre-existing labels/ disclosure  technology for such advertisements.

vii. Participants will, pursuant to a valid request received from the ECI, via  Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) provide an update on  the measures taken by them to prevent abuse of their respective  platforms.

viii. IAMAI will coordinate with the Participants on the steps carried out  under this Code and IAMAI as well as Participants will be in constant  communication with the ECI during the election period. The above guidelines should be duly observed for compliance by all the concerned media.

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